vagrant虚拟机的使用

2021/7/21 vagrant

# command

Tables	Are
vagrant init	初始化 box 的操作，会生成 vagrant 的配置文件 Vagrantfile
vagrant up	启动本地环境
vagrant ssh	通过 ssh 登录本地环境所在虚拟机
vagrant halt	关闭本地环境
vagrant suspend	暂停本地环境
vagrant resume	恢复本地环境
vagrant reload	修改了 Vagrantfile 后，使之生效（相当于先 halt，再 up）
vagrant destroy	彻底移除本地环境
vagrant box list	显示当前已经添加的 box 列表
vagrant box add	添加 box 到列表
vagrant box remove	删除相应的 box
vagrant package	打包命令，可以把当前的运行的虚拟机环境进行打包
vagrant plugin	用于安装卸载插件
vagrant status	获取当前虚拟机的状态
vagrant global-status	显示当前用户 Vagrant 的所有环境状态

# 基本使用命令

start: vagrant up

check status: vagrant status

ssh connect: vagrant ssh <name>
# ssh -i  /path/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key vagrant@ip

ssh config: vagrant ssh-config

suspend/resume/reload/stop: vagrant suspend/resume/reload/halt <name>

delete/remove: vagrant destory <name>

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centos7: http://cloud.centos.org/centos

vagrant box add centos/7

ubuntu: http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/

vagrant box add https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box --name ubuntu/20

plugin: https://rubygems.org/

vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest

vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager

vagrant plugin install vagrant-bindfs

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# vagrant 添加无版本号的 box

vagrant box add centos/7

centos/7 # 表示 centos系统 和 centos的版本号7

vagrant box add boxName ./downloadBoxName.box

boxName # 添加之后的box 名称
./downloadBoxName.box # 下载到本地的box

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# vagrant 添加带版本号的 box (opens new window)

创建：metadata.json
- name：添加的 box 名字
- version：版本号
- providers.name：虚拟主机类型
- providers.url：box 地址

{
  "name": "centos/7",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "1809.01",
      "providers": [
        {
          "name": "virtualbox",
          "url": "./virtualbox.box"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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运行创建: vagrant box add metadata.json

# SSH 登录 linux

ssh: 127.0.0.1
端口: 2222
用户名: vagrant
密码: vagrant

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# vagrant init

初始化项目：vagrant init centos/7

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  config.vm.box_check_update = false
  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # set auto_update to false, if you do NOT want to check the correct
  # additions version when booting this machine
  # cmd: vagrant vbguest --status
  config.vbguest.auto_update = false
  # do NOT download the iso file from a webserver
  config.vbguest.no_remote = true

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  config.vm.synced_folder "E:/boxs/centos7/data", "/vagrant_data",
    create: true, owner: "root", group: "root"
  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

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# plugin

列出插件: vagrant plugin list
安装: vagrant plugin install

# Installing a plugin from a known gem source
  vagrant plugin install my-plugin

# Installing a plugin from a local file source
  vagrant plugin install /path/to/my-plugin.gem

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更新: vagrant plugin update [my-plugin]
卸载: vagrant plugin uninstall my-plugin
Vagrantfile

Vagrant.config(2) do |config|
    config.vm.box = "centos/7"

    config.vm.define "node1" do |node1|
        node1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
        node1.vm.hostname = "node1"
    end

    config.vm.define "node2" do |node2|
        node2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.22"
        node2.vm.hostname = "node2"
    end

    config.vm.define "node3" do |node3|
        node3.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.33"
        node3.vm.hostname = "node3"
    end

end

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# vagrant-vbguest (opens new window)

vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
vagrant vbguest --status
vagrant vbguest --do install node1

Vagrant.config(2) do |config|
    config.vm.box = "centos/7"

    # 不想自动更新
    config.vbguest.auto_update = false

    config.vm.define "node1" do |node1|
        node1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
        node1.vm.hostname = "node1"
    end

    config.vm.define "node2" do |node2|
        node2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.22"
        node2.vm.hostname = "node2"
    end

    config.vm.define "node3" do |node3|
        node3.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.33"
        node3.vm.hostname = "node3"
    end

end

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# vagrant-hostmanager (opens new window)

vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager
vagrant hostmanager

Vagrant.config(2) do |config|
    config.vm.box = "centos/7"

    config.hostmanager.enabled = true
    config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true
    config.hostmanager.manage_host = true

    # 不想自动更新
    config.vbguest.auto_update = false

    config.vm.define "node1" do |node1|
        node1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
        node1.vm.hostname = "node1"
    end

    config.vm.define "node2" do |node2|
        node2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.22"
        node2.vm.hostname = "node2"
    end

    config.vm.define "node3" do |node3|
        node3.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.33"
        node3.vm.hostname = "node3"
    end

end

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# vagrant-bindfs (opens new window)

vagrant plugin install vagrant-bindfs

Vagrant.config(2) do |config|
    config.vm.box = "centos/7"

    config.hostmanager.enabled = true
    config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true
    config.hostmanager.manage_host = true

    # 不想自动更新
    config.vbguest.auto_update = false

    config.vm.define "node1" do |node1|
        # set linux private network
        node1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
        # set linux hostname
        node1.vm.hostname="node1"
        # set sync folder
        node1.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/mnt/app-data", type: "nfs"
        # use bindfs
        node1.bindfs.bind_folder "/mnt/app-data", "/app",
            # add roles
            force_user: 'root', force_group: 'root', o: "nonempty"
    end

    config.vm.define "node2" do |node2|
        node2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.22"
        node2.vm.hostname = "node2"
    end

    config.vm.define "node3" do |node3|
        node3.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.33"
        node3.vm.hostname = "node3"
    end

end

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# packge

# nginx： sudo rm -rf /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

# 打包
vagrant package

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# multi Machine

初始化: vagrant init centos/7
Vagrantfile

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # use centos/7 box
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  config.vm.box_check_update = false

  config.vbguest.auto_update = false
  config.vbguest.no_remote = true

  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo Hello"



  # define: host is web , params is web
  config.vm.define "web" do |web|
    # config
    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
    web.vm.hostname = "nginx"
    web.vm.synced_folder "./web", "/web"
  end

  config.vm.define "db" do |db|
    # config
    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
    db.vm.hostname = "mysql"
    db.vm.synced_folder "./db", "/db"
  end

end

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vagrant up # 启动主机
vagrant status # 查看状态
vagrant ssh web # ssh连接web主机

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# 参考资料

ubuntu常见命名 vim的简单使用

FE Note

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